Child and Youth Care Practice: Advanced

This course provides students with an opportunity to consolidate and enhance child and youth care practice skills. Using current and emerging theory and practice, students will be supported in the application and development of skills in various settings. The primary focus of the course will be children, youth and families at risk.

Enhancing Resilience in Aboriginal Children and Youth

This course provides students with an opportunity to consolidate and enhance Aboriginal youth care practice skills. Students will be supported to develop and apply practice skills that reflect the experience of Aboriginal communities and Indigenous ways of approaching child and youth care practice in a range of settings. The primary focus will be on strengths, resilience, risks and challenges for Aboriginal children, youth, families and communities.

Understanding Violence in Child and Youth Care Practice

In this course, students will critically examine violence and abuse through multiple theoretical frameworks. They will explore the complex impacts on children, youth and families using CYC perspectives that take into account anti-colonial, anti-racist and anti-oppressive understanding and responses to violence. Emphasis is placed on developing CYC skills, ethical awareness, and culturally sensitive approaches, as well as on examining systemic barriers and challenges in which practitioners work.

Diversity, Difference, and Anti-Oppression in CYC Practice

In an increasingly diverse Canadian society, child and youth care (CYC) students must develop and sustain a culturally sensitive, anti-oppressive, anti-colonial, anti-racist, and transformative practice that fosters equitable communities. Within a supportive learning environment, this goal will be achieved by critically examining one's own social location and the complexities of historical and contemporary challenges faced by children, youth, and families in Canada.

Developmental Theory and CYC Practice with Children

This course focuses on developmental theory and clinical application with children. The content examines the history of contemporary theories and relevant implications in practice with children and their families. The context of the ecological model is used as a unifying construct for considering all work with children and families in community settings.

Developmental Theory and CYC Practice with Youth

This course focuses on contemporary developmental theory and clinical application with youth. The content examines the history and application of contemporary theories to the various community agencies and issues relevant to the field of practice with youth and their families. The course emphasizes program design and professional practice for all work with youth and their families.

Professional Child and Youth Care: Theory and Practice

This course integrates theory and practice of child and youth care (CYC) by focusing on theoretical perspectives of change and their associated goals, strategies, and techniques. Issues and techniques in assessment, case planning, and intervention will be critically examined for their effectiveness and ethical use in support of decolonization, equity, and social justice in CYC. Practical models for case planning, presentation, and evaluation will be presented. Students will demonstrate competence in these real or simulated professional practice areas, and analyze the relationship between professional knowledge, skills, values, and styles.

Critical Issues in Current Child and Youth Care Practice

This course examines current issues of risk in the lives of children and youth. Students will analyze areas of practice using theoretical frameworks relevant to CYC practice and will develop interventions appropriate to the risk issue. Students will demonstrate competence in real or simulated examples of risk situations using professional knowledge, skills, values and styles.

International Perspectives & Child and Youth Care Practices

This course explores child and youth care practices from a global perspective and examines how ideas about childhood, adolescence, and family are conceptualized across international landscapes. Students will examine how cultural, social, political, and economic contexts shape approaches to care, advocacy, and interventions for children, youth, and families worldwide. Students will analyze international models of care and consider issues related to social justice, inequality, human rights, and global health, particularly as they intersect with migration and settlement. The course also investigates how globalizing forces shape the lives and perspectives of young people, their families, and local communities.

Advanced Practice in Child and Youth Care 1

This course provides an opportunity to apply case-planning, intervention, and evaluation skills at an advanced level. Professional consultation, clinical functioning, and the integration of theory and practice are emphasized.

Advanced Practice in CYC, Part 2

This final practicum course in the program completes the BACYCC degree. It builds on CYCC 4410 where the emphasis continues to be on professional consultation, clinical functioning, ethical practice, and reflective integration of theory and practice. Students are now additionally expected to work independently, show leadership, and integrate supervisor and faculty feedback into their practice.

Research Methods in Child and Youth Care

In this course, students explore research in the context of child and youth care. Students will develop the knowledge and skills necessary to locate, understand, and apply research relating to the field of CYC. Students will examine research design and methodologies, using both qualitative and quantitative research methods.

Data Analysis in Child and Youth Care

In this course, students are introduced to techniques to analyze both qualitative and quantitative data, in the context of the child and youth care field.

Advanced Skills with Individuals in Child and Youth Care

This course focuses on the application of CYC theories and related intervention skills in working with children and youth, while engaging in reflexive practice. This course will provide students the opportunity to learn and receive feedback on the use of helping skills for engaging children and youth on both common and complex topics in a participatory learning environment.

Topics will include:
- Assessing for suicide risk
- Grief and loss
- Substance use
- Disclosures of trauma and abuse
- Other relevant child and youth issues

Leadership Skills with Groups in Child and Youth Care Organizations

This course explores theoretical approaches and techniques related to leadership planning and facilitation of professional groups are presented as part of the course content. Topics include organizational development, the function of groups in organizations and group facilitation and leadership. The student will apply theory through leading task groups in organizational development and will receive feedback on their work in a laboratory-style environment.

Advanced Practice with Families in CYC

This course examines theoretical frameworks for understanding family systems and their relevance to CYC practice. Students will explore how to work alongside families in ways that are relational, collaborative, strengths-based, and culturally grounded. Systems-oriented assessment approaches are introduced to support comprehensive understanding and engagement with families across diverse care settings.

Development of Attachment and its Application to Trauma-Informed CYCC Practice

This course provides an overview of attachment theory from infancy to adolescence and its clinical application in trauma-informed CYC practice. Topics include the socio-cultural origins of attachment theory, key concepts in attachment theory, psycho-biological origins of infant attachment, understanding the attachment process from infancy to adolescence, cross-cultural patterns of attachment, and clinical applications of modern attachment theory and research in trauma-informed CYC practice.

Critical Issues in Substance Use and Mental Health: A CYC Perspective

This course explores current issues and trends in youth mental health and substance use through a Child and Youth Care lens, with a specific focus on the British Columbia context. Grounded in an anti-oppressive framework, students will critically examine how systemic, social, and structural factors shape young people's experiences of mental health and substance use challenges as well as their access to and experiences of care. The course emphasizes ethical and relational practice, encouraging students to reflect on power, privilege, and advocacy in their professional roles. Through case studies, policy analysis, and collaborative learning, students will develop the skills to engage in critically reflective, compassionate CYC practice within and in partnership with Mental Health Substance Use (MHSU) systems.

Introduction to Disability Studies

In this introductory survey course, students are provided an overview of disability studies and its application in the support sector.

Topics covered include an overview of disability studies theory and perspective, historical practices, social and political movements, and current best practice in the field. Students will explore the influence of disability studies within the four main areas of support: 1) Early Intervention, 2) K-12 School Systems, 3) Community Living, and 4) Post-Secondary and Employment Supports.

The course applies a critical and creative lens to understanding historical and current practice, seeking to identify and understand the influence of ableist structures and systems, while envisioning a more just and equitable future.

Teaching and Learning: Foundations

This course builds students’ observation, planning and teaching skills to create or support meaningful learning opportunities in response to diverse learning styles. Using a common set of values, students will explore several teaching strategies and how these match with different learners' needs.

Supporting Social Emotional Learning and Wellness in Self and Others

This course introduces practitioners to fundamental concepts and practices in supporting students' social emotional skills and wellness. Students will learn how supporting social emotional skills impacts short and long-term quality of life outcomes of supported persons and the Educational Assistant (EA). Methods for self-regulation and self-care for self and other will be practiced. Through a process of reflection and self exploration, students will develop an understanding of how past traumas, experiences, strengths and stretches impact our ability to support others. Using a trauma-informed lens, practitioners will use a strength-based approach to encourage the development of self-agency and other essential skills.

Disability Classifications and Related Experiences

In this survey course students will be introduced to perspectives on disability, investigate a range of disability classifications, learning needs and related experiences. A variety of disabilities will be examined as they relate to the diagnosis and the impact on people with lived experience. In addition, the course will introduce issues of self-advocacy, civil-rights, identity and current issues relevant to the communities discussed. Lived experience and personal story are prioritized in the course.

Practicum 1

This applied course builds on first semester courses and provides opportunities for students to practice skills in selected sites under supervision. Students will integrate and reflect upon their educational, personal, and professional experiences in practicum and seminar.

Behaviour Intervention Practicum

This applied course provides opportunities for students to practice behaviour intervention skills in selected sites under supervision. Students will integrate and reflect upon their educational, personal, and professional experiences in practicum and seminar.

Education Assistant Practicum 1

This applied course builds on first semester courses and provides opportunities for students to practice skills in selected sites under supervision. Students will integrate and reflect upon their educational, personal, and professional experiences in practicum and seminar.

Education Assistant Practicum 2

This applied course builds on semester 1 and 2 courses and provides opportunities for students to practice skills at selected sites under supervision. Students will integrate and reflect upon their educational, personal, and professional experiences in practicum and seminar.

Teaching and Learning: Universal Design for Learning

This course is based on the fundamentals of Universal Design for Learning. Students collaboratively plan and implement teaching strategies, as well as use tools for monitoring individuals' progress. While reducing environmental barriers to learning, students learn to incorporate multiple means of presenting materials (adaptations), as well as encouraging individuals' demonstration of learning (expression) and engagement through motivational strategies and effective communication.

Teaching & Learning: Introduction to Communication & Behaviour

In this introductory course, students learn the principles of behaviour (e.g., ABC pathway ) and the elements of communication (e.g. methods and content). Emphasis will be on supporting communication (including augmentative and alternative communication) and understanding its connection to the function of behaviour.

Supporting Communication

In this introductory course, students learn about the development of communication skills and the potential impact on individuals with communication challenges. Students will develop an understanding of elements of communication and the importance of responding to total communication. A variety of low and high tech options for Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) will be explored as well as methods for supporting receptive communication using visual supports. Emphasis will be placed on practicing strategies to enhance opportunities for self-advocacy, social closeness, and active participation through ongoing responsive support of communication skills.

Positive Behaviour Support

In this course, students learn the principles of behaviour (e.g., Antecedent, Behaviour, Consequence (ABC) pathway) and develop an understanding of the relationship between communication and behaviour. Emphasis will be on supporting communication and behaviour skills through prevention and proactive teaching strategies to improve an individual's quality of life.

Perspectives on Disability

This course is designed to expose students to a variety of perspectives regarding disability. Content topics will include typical responses to diversity, language and labels, disability theory, models of disability, disability culture, advocacy and self advocacy.

Foundations of Family Support

This introductory course will emphasize the theories and principles of family support, with a focus on person centred practices used to enhance wellbeing and quality of life for individuals with disabilities and their families across the lifespan. Students will examine the interdependence between family and community, and the unique role practitioners play in strengthening relationships and facilitating formal and informal social networks.

Behavioural Intervention Lab

This course provides working Behavior Interventionists opportunities to deepen their knowledge of and ability to apply the principles and procedures of applied behaviour analysis utilized with children with autism. An emphasis is placed on promoting reflective Behavioural Intervention practitioners.

Theories and Principles of Equitable Learning Communities

This course allows students to gain a critical understanding of different principles, theories, and values that shape ideas of learning and pedagogy, and which inform educational systems and institutions, from early childhood to postsecondary and lifespan learning. Students will explore their own learning experiences and develop critical perspectives toward educational justice and equity.

Supporting Social and Emotional Learning and Development

This course introduces fundamental concepts and practices in supporting social emotional skills and wellness for children, youth and adults across abilities. Students will learn how supporting social emotional skills impacts short and long-term quality of life outcomes for themselves and those they support. Through a process of reflection and self-exploration, students will develop an understanding of how past traumas, experiences, strengths and individual challenges impact our ability to support others. Using a trauma-informed lens, practitioners will use a strength-based approach to encourage the development of self-agency and other essential skills.

Working with Others

This course emphasizes self-awareness and interpersonal understanding. Models that promote positive self-awareness and effective communication with others will be presented for examination and application in practice. The course will explore communication principles and strategies that facilitate positive relationships among practitioners, schools, communities, and families.

Practicum 2

This applied course builds on second and third semester courses and provides opportunities for students to practice skills in selected sites. Students will integrate and reflect upon their educational, personal and professional experiences in practicum and seminar.

Diploma Practicum

This applied course builds on CCS certificate courses and provides opportunities for students to enhance their skills in a selected site. Students will integrate and reflect upon their educational, personal and professional experiences in practicum and seminar.

Practicum 2

This applied course builds on second and third semester courses and provides opportunities for students to practice skills in selected sites. Students will integrate and reflect upon their educational, personal and professional experiences in practicum and seminar.

Teaching & Learning: Supporting Communication and Behaviour

In this course, students build on DACS 1256 and apply principles of teaching and learning to support individuals whose communication and actions challenge us. Students utilize Behaviour Support planning strategies and incorporate Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) methods to render challenging behaviours irrelevant, ineffective or inefficient; teach desired and alternative behaviours; and enhance an individual’s quality of life.

Personal Assistance

This experiential course emphasizes personal assistance skills and health related procedures. Basic safety principles, human body systems provide a frame to develop foundational knowledge to support the health and well-being of individuals with disabilities from a person-centered and culturally relevant perspective.

Person Centered Planning and Community Building

In this course, students will examine effective strategies for enhancing citizenship and fostering a sense of belonging for individuals with disabilities by utilizing person-centered approaches and community development techniques. They will learn how to gather essential information for planning from both individuals and their support networks, while also acquiring skills to select and assess the most appropriate methods and supports. The course highlights the importance of viewing planning as a dynamic process that is closely connected to establishing and maintaining community relationships.

Personal and Professional Leadership

This capstone course is designed to deepen understanding and application of knowledge and skills introduced throughout the previous semesters. Students will have the opportunity to explore personal and professional leadership opportunities and challenges available in education and human service practice contexts.

Supports for Children & Youth with Disabilities

This course examines early intervention and inclusive school systems and evaluates current models of support for children and youth with disabilities. Students will examine different school and community supports and services using a quality of life framework.

Social Policy & Citizenship

This course provides students with an understanding of the unique needs and issues facing adults with disabilities in community. Emphasis will be placed on social policy and legislation, service options, and accountability measures. Emphasis is placed on transition, inclusive post-secondary education, employment, and supports associated with digital citizenship.

Service-Learning

This applied course uses a service-learning model as a means for students to define practice skills and make direct contributions to the community. Students have the option of completing a service-learning practicum in typical practice settings or completing a unique service-learning project that would benefit others and provide opportunities for individualized out-of-the-ordinary learning.

Autism Spectrum Disorder Across the Lifespan

This upper-level undergraduate course explores Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) from a lifespan perspective applying behavioural, social, and cognitive theories. Topics include diagnostic characteristics and the diagnostic process in British Columbia, the etiology, history, and co-morbid conditions associated with ASD. Special emphasis will be given to evidence-based interventions and support strategies within early intervention, school, and employment settings.

Disability in Context

This upper-level undergraduate course examines historical and contemporary constructions of disability from various perspectives and highlights different frameworks for interpreting the nature and meaning of having a disability. It will explore the characteristics, classification, and pathology of a range of developmental, congenital, and acquired disabilities and their relevance to sociocultural and human rights perspectives.

Functional Behaviour Assessment and Clinical Applications

In this course students deepen their professional knowledge, skills, and abilities in conducting various functional behaviour assessments, in selecting individualized interventions for individuals diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and other developmental disabilities, and in completing clinical treatment modules for the assessment and treatment of childhood eating and sleep issues as well as stereotypy.

Ethics in Applied Behaviour Analysis

This course will introduce and thoroughly orient students to the professional and ethical compliance code for behaviour analysts. Students will work through a number of case scenarios identifying various breaches to the ethical code and engage in both individual reflection and group discussion to determine ethical responses and actions in response to difficult situations.

Advanced Topics in Applied Behaviour Analysis: Intervention

This course will build on the knowledge presented in previous coursework, with a focus on evidence-based strategies for supporting positive behaviours and reducing problem behaviours. Concepts and principles of ABA, such as reinforcement principles and function-based treatments, will be reviewed as specific applications of ABA interventions that are applicable in a variety of settings for a variety of populations.

Organizational Behaviour Management

This upper-level course will introduce and thoroughly orient students to the research and practice in the field of Organizational Behaviour Management (OBM). It will provide students with the skills needed to apply the fundamental principles of applied behaviour analysis to various performance issues in organizational settings, such as performance analysis, supervision, staff training, behavioural systems analysis, organizational culture, and leadership. Organizational Behaviour is a field of study that investigates the impact that individuals and groups have in the workplace. Students will be able to apply their knowledge toward improving an organization’s effectiveness.

Foundational Principles and Empirical Basis of Behaviour Analysis

This undergraduate course will introduce students to the science of applied behaviour analysis (ABA). Concepts include ABA definitions and characteristics, behavioural assessments, intervention strategies and outcomes, behaviour change procedures, and systems support. All topics will be addressed within the context of current best practices and contemporary professional ethics.

Single Subject Research And Applications

This course builds upon the science of applied behaviour analysis (ABA). Concepts include ABA definitions and characteristics, behavioural assessments, intervention strategies and outcomes, behaviour change procedures, and systems support. All topics will be addressed within the context of current best practices and contemporary professional ethics.

Introduction to Issues in Disability Employment

This upper-level undergraduate course examines historical and contemporary constructions of employment services and supports for people with disabilities and individuals who face barriers to employment. It will highlight various theoretical frameworks for interpreting the nature and meaning of employment. Additionally, it will provide an overview of areas of practice within employment supports, including relevant practical tools, strategies, and promising practices.

Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in the Workplace

This upper-level undergraduate course examines diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) issues and practices in the workplace. Students will explore historical and systemic barriers to employment, as well as promising practices, policies, and procedures that support inclusive workplaces. The course will also provide an overview of marginalized workplace identities and promote an understanding of personal values and their application in the workplace.

Inclusive Leadership and Change Management

This upper-level undergraduate course examines the role of leadership in facilitating organizational change. It introduces students to theories of leadership and change management, as well as methods for cultivating equitable and ethical leadership skills. The course is designed for aspiring leaders across various workplaces and sectors who seek to develop inclusive and socially conscious environments.

Disability in Context

This upper level undergraduate course examines historical and contemporary constructions of disability from a variety of perspectives and highlights various frameworks for interpreting the nature and meaning disability. It will examine the characteristics, classification, and pathology of a variety of developmental, congenital and acquired disabilities.

Functional Behaviour Assessment and Intervention

In this upper level course, students deepen their professional knowledge, skills, and abilities in conducting various functional behaviour assessments and in selecting individualized interventions for individuals diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and other developmental disabilities.

Clinical Applications of Behaviour Analysis

In this upper level course, students deepen their professional knowledge, skills, and abilities by completing clinical treatment modules for individuals with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and other developmental disabilities. Topics may include:
• Behaviour analytic instruction
• The assessment and treatment of childhood feeding and sleeping problems, and stereotypy
• Teaching verbal behaviour

Foundational Principles of Behavioural Analysis

This upper level course will introduce students to the science of applied behaviour analysis (ABA). The basic principles of operant conditioning including stimulus control, motivation, reinforcement, punishment, extinction, and schedules of reinforcement will be emphasized using examples of everyday behaviours. Students will also learn how these principles can be applied to persons with autism and other developmental disabilities.

Empirical Basis of Behavioural Techniques

This upper level undergraduate course builds upon the science of applied behaviour analysis (ABA). Concepts include ABA definitions and characteristics, behavioural assessments, intervention strategies and outcomes, behaviour change procedures and systems support. All topics will be addressed within the context of current best practices and contemporary professional ethics.

Single Subject Research and Applications

This upper level undergraduate course builds upon the science of applied behaviour analysis (ABA). Topics focus on the use of the scientific method to evaluate behaviourally-based interventions and applications to modify human behaviour. Topics include single-subject experimental designs, variables (including dependent, independent and confounding), data collection methods and procedures, the graphic display of behavioural data, verbal behaviour, antecedent controls, maintenance and generalization. Topics are presented in context of best practices and contemporary professional ethics.

Introduction to Employment Supports

This upper level undergraduate course examines historical and contemporary constructions of employment services and supports for people with disabilities, youth at risk, mental illness and others who have significant barriers. It will highlight various theoretical frameworks for interpreting the nature and meaning of employment supports. It will also provide an overview of evidence-based practice.

Application of Employment Supports

This upper level undergraduate course examines the range and application of employment supports and services for people with disabilities, youth at risk, mental illness and others who experience significant barriers. This course focuses on the use of the evidence-based employment supports methods practices and supports. Topics include developing vocational plans, job analysis/carving, cultural competency, and assessment and evaluation tools.

Employment Support Specialty: Selected Topics

This upper level course bridges informal and formal learning. In this course, students will reflect on their experience and choose an individualized employment supports and disability/barrier related learning project on which to concentrate their areas of professional interest.

Dispensing Optician Theory I

This course provides the introductory theory related to eyeglass dispensing. The following content areas are presented: basic mathematical calculations used in practice, optics, anatomy and physiology and conditions of the eye, instruments and tools used in practice, frames, lenses and analysis and interpretation of prescriptions, surgical alternatives, and professional standards of practice.

Dispensing Optician Lab Skills I

This course provides students with the laboratory skills for quality control of lenses and the ability to layout and prepare lenses for edging. Students will learn how to maintain the equipment and tools associated with the edging and finishing laboratory. It provides the student with skills to insert and mount lenses into various frame
materials and designs.

Dispensing Optician Theory II

This course provides theory related to eyeglass dispensing at an advanced level. The following content areas are presented: detailed information regarding various instruments used in Optometry and Ophthalmology, specific aspects of optics, detailed information related to lenses for various eye conditions as well as for vocational and specialty lenses, surgical alternatives, analysis and interpretation of selected properties, business practices and professional standards of practice.

Dispensing Optician Clinical Practice II

This course provides learning opportunities for students in the Dispensing Optician Program to apply knowledge and skills from related semester one theory and laboratory courses to the optical dispensary. Students will be placed into retail optical dispensaries, and will complete their dispensing skills under direct supervision of a Licensed Eyecare Professional and program instructor.

Dispensing Optician Lab Skills II

This course provides students the laboratory skills to layout, block and edge multifocal and progressive lenses. It provides the skills to identify and tint plastic lenses, adjust frames to suit patient’s needs, and perform minor repairs to frames. Students will be introduced to low vision devices and study the social, physical and emotional implications of low vision on clients.

Dispensing Optician Eyeglass Practicum

This course provides learning opportunities for students in the Dispensing Optician Program to consolidate knowledge and skills gained in all of the first year courses. Students will be placed within an optical dispensary under the supervision of a licensed eye care professional who will act as a supervisor. Students will be expected to carry out the workload of a beginning dispensing Optician (eyeglasses) at the conclusion of the course.

Theory in Contact Lenses and Optical Technologies I

This course will provide students the knowledge of Anatomy and Physiology of the eye in relation to contact lens fitting. It will provide the skills of instrumentation in the fitting of contact lenses, the process of refractive error determination, the conversion and verification of prescriptions, and the examination of the relationship between contact lens fit, corneal health and residual refractive error. It provides students the ability needed to evaluate suitability for contact wear, by patient ocular history and examination. It will provide the student the ability to design the appropriate contact lens parameters, to select the appropriate material, to train the patient on proper handling technique, lens care and hygiene. It will identify refractive surgeries, the measurement of intraocular pressure and related professional standards of practice.

Laboratory in Contact Lenses and Optical Technologies I

This course introduces students to the lab skills for quality control of contact lens materials, solutions, and their ocular applications. It also provides students with the ability to calibrate, maintain and implement the usage of the equipment and tools associated within the contact lens dispensary. Students will gain further experience with the use of automated refraction equipment. Students will practice the skills required to assimilate information collected on contact lens materials, solutions, as well as techniques for ocular application and refractive error correction.

Theory in Contact Lenses and Optical Technologies II

This course provides theory and interpretation of contact lens fitting procedures at an advanced level. It provides the skills to complete the procedure of fitting contact lenses by implementing patient pre-fit evaluation, instrumentation, measurements, trial lens fitting, and post-fit evaluation. It provides students the abilities needed to interpret and apply fitting techniques of specialty contact lenses for difficult visual and / or corneal abnormalities and to identify current refractive surgical alternatives available. The course provides basic skills necessary for managing a contact lens practice, for effective patient record keeping, relationships, and recall systems. The course provides continuing instruction in advanced concepts and applications to refractive error determination and automated sight testing. It promotes a comprehensive knowledge of professional standards of practice.

Clinical in Contact Lenses and Optical Technologies II

This course provides learning opportunities in contact lenses and optical technologies at an advanced level. Students will apply knowledge and skills from related theory and laboratory courses to the clinical dispensary. Students will complete their clinical practice in the on-campus contact lens lab. They will complete their clinical skills under the direct supervision of a licensed eye care professional. There will be a continued focus on the technologies related to independent automated refraction.

Laboratory in Contact Lenses and Optical Technologies II

This course provides learning opportunities in contact lenses and optical technologies at an advanced level. Students will apply knowledge and skills from related theory and laboratory courses to the clinical dispensary. Students will continue their clinical practice in a retail contact lens practice or the on campus clinic. They will complete their clinical skills under the direct supervision of a program approved licensed eyecare professional.

Clinical in Contact Lenses and Optical Technologies III

This course provides learning opportunities for students to consolidate knowledge and skills gained in all of the second year courses. Students will complete their skills in contact lenses, eyeglasses, and automated sight-testing under direct supervision of a program approved licensed eyecare professional. A one-week on-campus (laboratory and clinical) instruction component may be required near the end of the semester to complete the course. Students will be expected to carry the workload of a beginning Contact Lens Fitter by the conclusion of the course.

Introduction to Earth Sciences

This is an introductory course focusing on physical geology. Topics include minerals, rocks (igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic), plate tectonics, earthquakes and volcanic activity, Earth resources, and the many processes that have shaped the Earth. The course includes practical hands-on labs. A field trip may be required.

History of the Earth

This course covers events in Earth’s history that have shaped its development. Topics include: the origin of the Earth, evolution of continents and ocean basins through time, the origin and evolution of life, mass extinction events and ancient climates. Techniques used to date and interpret events of the past and reconstruct ancient environments are discussed. The course includes practical hands-on labs. Field trips may be required. These field trips may take place outside of scheduled class hours.

Natural Disasters

This course examines a variety of natural disasters such as earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, floods, meteor impacts, global climate change, and landslides. The course explores the origin of natural hazards, their related landforms, and the prediction and mitigation of these dangerous events. Field trips may be required. These field trips may take place outside of scheduled class hours.

Dinosaur Planet

This course uses fossils to explore the origin, evolution, behaviour and extinction of dinosaurs. This course examines changes in the public perception and scientific interpretation of dinosaurs since their initial discovery, with particular emphasis on dinosaurs' relationships to each other, adaptations and the history of the Mesozoic time period.

Global Environmental Change

The survival of this planet will, in large part, depend upon people acquiring an understanding of the intricate interrelationship of the physical, chemical and biological systems found in nature and the impact upon them of human activity. In this context, this course will provide an overview of contemporary changes to our global environment, the driving forces and the observed and foreseen consequences, from a natural science and social science perspective.

Introduction to Environmental Science

This course explores the natural environment and the biological, physical and chemical interactions that characterize it. The role of humans in altering the natural biogeochemical cycles is explored through focused discussions of topics such as natural resource exploitation, climate change, pollution, and land use changes. Emphasis is placed on the local and regional environment. A field trip is required. This field trip may take place outside of scheduled class hours.

The Ocean Environment

This course examines the ocean environment and its interactions with other Earth systems. Topics include the physical, chemical, geological and biological factors affecting the Earth's oceans. Current issues such as climate change, sea level rise, and pollution are examined. Field trips may be required. These field trips may take place outside of scheduled class hours.

Field Methods 1

This course introduces students to field methods used by Earth Scientists. Topics include identification and interpretation of minerals, rocks and geological features in the field, recording of information, field safety and use of field equipment. Most of the course will take place in a field setting, where activities will involve hiking and working on steep rock slopes.

Resources from the Earth

This course is an overview of resources that are extracted from the Earth. Origin, extraction, use, economic effects and environmental impact will be discussed. Resources to be studied include energy, metals, industrial minerals, other minerals, soil, water and groundwater. A field trip may be scheduled.

Sedimentology & Stratigraphy

This course investigates the sedimentary rock record with the aim of determining depositional environments and their ages. The principles of stratigraphy and sedimentology will be used to show how environmental information can be interpreted from the rocks. Field trips will be required.

Introduction to Mineralogy

This course provides an introduction to the physical and chemical properties of common rock-forming and economic minerals. The course covers mineral identification and classification, mineral occurrences and associations, crystal chemistry, analytical methods, crystal structure and crystallography. Field trips may be required. These field trips may take place outside of scheduled class hours.

Introduction to Petrology

This course investigates the origin/formation, occurrence, and classification of igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic and economically important rocks. This course also serves as an introduction to the petrographic microscope and the use of the microscope to identify minerals and rocks. A field trip is required. This field trip may take place outside of scheduled class hours.

Field Methods 2

Building on Field Methods 1 and other courses, this course broadens and deepens knowledge and field skills used by Earth Scientists. Topics include description and identification of minerals and rock units, integration of cross-sections and geologic maps, advanced use of field tools for positioning and measurement.

Earth Science Project

This course enables Earth Science students to learn extensively about a focused topic. Projects will involve learning the geology of a locale or a region, and other associated aspects of interest (e.g.: a resource deposit, paleontology of specific fossil beds, unusual minerals, earthquakes). Projects are determined through agreement between a student and a sponsoring instructor (Guided Study). Field work and travel may be required, and additional fees may apply for transportation and other expenses.

Environmental Science Project

This course enables Environmental Science students to learn more about a focused topic. Projects will involve learning about the environment of a locale and associated environmental issues. Projects are determined through agreement between a student and a sponsoring instructor. Field work and travel may be required, and additional fees may apply for transportation and other expenses.

Structural Geology

This course describes the deformation of rock. Students will learn about stress and strain, plate tectonics, structural analysis, techniques of collecting structural data, and some economic applications. Field trips will be required.

Environmental Geology

This course explores the interaction between Earth and human activities. Students will investigate how geology is applied to solving environmental problems such as natural hazards, exploitation of resources and global issues of environmental change. Field trips may be required.

Resource Deposits and Geological Maps 1

This course is concerned with the techniques of collecting and mapping geological information with applications to sedimentary resource deposits. Some field trips will be required that may be outside of scheduled class hours.

Resource Deposits and Maps

This course introduces techniques used for collection and mapping of geological information, with applications to sedimentary, magmatic and hydrothermal resource deposits. Field trips will be required. These field trips may take place outside of scheduled class hours.

Geological Mapping 2

This course is about the techniques of collecting and mapping geological information as applied to the characteristics of magmatic, hydrothermal and supergene ore deposits. Field trips will be required for this course.

Geological Information Systems

This course will introduce students to the use of computer applications for analysing geological and mining exploration data, and producing a variety of outputs including maps, cross-sections, statistical plots, and others.

Geological Information Systems

This course introduces computer applications for analyzing geological and mining exploration data to produce a variety of outputs including maps, cross-sections and 2D and 3D models.